Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Data

In this work, we study 3D object detection from RGB-D data in both indoor and outdoor scenes. While previous methods focus on images or 3D voxels, often obscuring natural 3D patterns and invariances of 3D data, we directly operate on raw point clouds by popping up RGB-D scans. However, a key challenge of this approach is how to efficiently localize objects in point clouds of large-scale scenes (region proposal). Instead of solely relying on 3D proposals, our method leverages both mature 2D object detectors and advanced 3D deep learning for object localization, achieving efficiency as well as high recall for even small objects. Benefited from learning directly in raw point clouds, our method is also able to precisely estimate 3D bounding boxes even under strong occlusion or with very sparse points. Evaluated on KITTI and SUN RGB-D 3D detection benchmarks, our method outperforms the state of the art by remarkable margins while having real-time capability.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 14 table

Gender-specific effects of oxidative balance score on the prevalence of diabetes in the US population from NHANES

BackgroundThe relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and diabetes remains poorly understood and may be gender-specific. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the complex association between OBS and diabetes among US adults.MethodsOverall, 5,233 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The exposure variable was OBS, composed of scores for 20 dietary and lifestyle factors. Multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were applied to examine the relationship between OBS and diabetes.ResultsCompared to the lowest OBS quartile group (Q1), the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest OBS quartile group (Q4) was 0.602 (0.372–0.974) (p for trend = 0.007), and for the highest lifestyle, the OBS quartile group was 0.386 (0.223–0.667) (p for trend < 0.001). Moreover, gender effects were found between OBS and diabetes (p for interaction = 0.044). RCS showed an inverted-U relationship between OBS and diabetes in women (p for non-linear = 6e−04) and a linear relationship between OBS and diabetes in men.ConclusionsIn summary, high OBS was negatively associated with diabetes risk in a gender-dependent manner

Optimizing land-use zonation in coastal areas: revealing the spatio-temporal patterns and trade-off/synergy relationships among farmland functions

Under the interaction between natural ecosystems and human interferences, farmland extends to multi-functions such as production, ecological, social, and cultural functions. Despite the exponential increase in research on the multi-functional evaluation of farmland in recent years, little study has been conducted at fine spatial and long-time scales. Furthermore, the existing quantitative analyses of multifunctional synergies and trade-offs in farmland mainly consider static spatial patterns and neglect dynamic information. Selecting the Chinese coastal province of Zhejiang as the study area, this study thus evaluated the spatio-temporal patterns of farmland functions from 2000 to 2020 at the county scale and introduced the trade-off/synergy degree (TSD) model to quantify the intensity of the relationships among functions. The results showed that farmland functional values and their relationships were significantly heterogeneous in spatial and temporal distribution. In addition to social function, the other functions all exhibited an increasing trend. Furthermore, strong correlations were mainly observed between production, ecological and cultural functions. Ultimately, five farmland zones were determined by the k-means clustering algorithm and considering both functional values and their relationships, and targeted suggestions applicable to each zone were put forward in this study. This study contributes to the utilization and planning of farmland and its surrounding land, especially to the improvement of the policy of returning farmland to forests

SkyMath: Technical Report

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential to solve varieties of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including mathematical reasoning. In this work, we present SkyMath, a large language model for mathematics with 13 billion parameters. By applying self-compare fine-tuning, we have enhanced mathematical reasoning abilities of Skywork-13B-Base remarkably. On GSM8K, SkyMath outperforms all known open-source models of similar size and has established a new SOTA performance

Effects of Inflorescence Stem Structure and Cell Wall Components on the Mechanical Strength of Inflorescence Stem in Herbaceous Peony

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a traditional famous flower, but its poor inflorescence stem quality seriously constrains the development of the cut flower. Mechanical strength is an important characteristic of stems, which not only affects plant lodging, but also plays an important role in stem bend or break. In this paper, the mechanical strength, morphological indices and microstructure of P. lactiflora development inflorescence stems were measured and observed. The results showed that the mechanical strength of inflorescence stems gradually increased, and that the diameter of inflorescence stem was a direct indicator in estimating mechanical strength. Simultaneously, with the development of inflorescence stem, the number of vascular bundles increased, the vascular bundle was arranged more densely, the sclerenchyma cell wall thickened, and the proportion of vascular bundle and pith also increased. On this basis, cellulose and lignin contents were determined, PlCesA3, PlCesA6 and PlCCoAOMT were isolated and their expression patterns were examined including PlPAL. The results showed that cellulose was not strictly correlated with the mechanical strength of inflorescence stem, and lignin had a significant impact on it. In addition, PlCesA3 and PlCesA6 were not key members in cellulose synthesis of P. lactiflora and their functions were also different, but PlPAL and PlCCoAOMT regulated the lignin synthesis of P. lactiflora. These data indicated that PlPAL and PlCCoAOMT could be applied to improve the mechanical strength of P. lactiflora inflorescence stem in genetic engineering